Friday 29 July 2011

comparison of both theory


29 comments:

  1. Piaget's theory of cognitive development is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence first developed by Jean Piaget. It is primarily known as a developmental stage theory, but in fact, it deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans come gradually to acquire it, construct it, and use it. Moreover, Piaget claims the idea that cognitive development is at the centre of human organism and language is contingent on cognitive development..
    John Dewey ( 1859 –1952) was an American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey was an important early developer of the philosophy of pragmatism and one of the founders of functional psychology. He was a major representative of the progressive and progressive populist philosophies of schooling during the first half of the 20th century in the USA.
    Although Dewey is known best for his publications concerning education, he also wrote about many other topics, including experience, nature, art, logic, inquiry, democracy, and ethics.
    In his advocacy of democracy, Dewey considered two fundamental elements schools and civil society as being major topics needing attention and reconstruction to encourage experimental intelligence and plurality. Dewey asserted that complete democracy was to be obtained not just by extending voting rights but also by ensuring that there exists a fully formed public opinion, accomplished by effective communication among citizens, experts, and politicians, with the latter being accountable for the policies they adopt.
    By jaijo k jose, 1st year m.sc nursing..........

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  2. John Dewey


    1.Curriculum should be based on students’ interests and should involve them in active experiences.
    2.Active curriculum should be integrated, rather than divided into subject-matter segments
    3.Teachers are responsible for achieving the goals of the school, but the specific topics to be studied to meet those goals, cannot be determined in advance because they should be of the interest of the children
    4.learning was active and schooling was unnecessarily long and restrictive
    5.students should be actively involved in real-life tasks and challenges.
    His quotes
    “Education is a social process. Education is growth. Education is, not a preparation for life; education is life itself”

    “The belief that all genuine education comes about through experience does not mean that all experiences are genuinely or equally educative”

    Piaget’s Theory
    Theory of childhood cognitive development.
    1.Curriculum–Educators must plan a developmentally appropriate curriculum that enhances their students’ logical and conceptual growth.
    2.Instruction–Teachers must emphasize the critical role that experiences–or interactions with the surrounding environment–play in student learning. For example, instructors have to take into account the role that fundamental concepts, such as the permanence of objects, play in establishing cognitive structures.
    3.Piaget believed children’s schemes, or logical mental structures, change with age and are initially action-based (sensorimotor) and later move to a mental (operational) level.

    Four major stages of development.

    1.The Sensorimotor Period (birth to 2 years)

    2.Preoperational Thought (2 to 6/7 years)

    3.Concrete Operations (6/7 to 11/12 years)

    4.Formal Operations Formal Operations (11/12 to adult)

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  3. John Dewey (October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was an American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey was an important early developer of the philosophy of pragmatism and one of the founders of functional psychology. He is also known as the father of educational philosophy.
    He believed that
    Curriculum should be based on students’ interests and should involve them in active experiences. Active curriculum should be integrated, rather than divided into subject-matter segments. Teachers are responsible for achieving the goals of the school, but the specific topics to be studied to meet those goals, cannot be determined in advance because they should be of the interest of the children .The teacher’s role should be that of facilitator and guide. “Dewey's education philosophy helped forward the progressive education movement, and spawned the development of experiential education programs and experiments” . Progressive Education Movement: “A model that rejects methods involving memorization and recitation and provides more active and engaging experiences for learners” .Jean Piaget & John Dewey developed theories of childhood development and education, that is what we now call Progressive Education, that led to the evolution of constructivism.
    JEAN WILLIAM FRITZ PIAGET (9 AUGUST 1896-16 SEPTEMBER 1980) was a Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher known for his epistemological studies with children. His theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are together called "genetic epistemology". Piaget placed great importance on the education of children.Piaget studied his own children’s intellectual development from infancy. Piaget developed theories concerning how children learn.
    His theory of Cognitive Development consists of four stages of intellectual development.
    Stage-1 Sensory motor development (birth to 2years of age) During this stage, the child begins to develop: Reflexes, Habits, Hand-eye coordination, Object Permanence , Experimentation and creativity. Piaget referred to the children in this stage as “little scientists.” and Trial and error experiments.
    Stage-2 Preoperational stage (age 2-7) During this stage, the child begins to develop: Ability to represent objects with images and words, Language skills and Imagination.
    Stage-3 Concrete operational stage(age 7-12): During this stage, the child begins to develop: The fundamentals of logic such as Ability to sort objects, Ability to classify objects and Understanding of conservation
    Stage-4(age 11-15) Formal Operational Stage –child begins to develop ability to hypothesize, test and reevaluate hypotheses, and thinking in a formal systematic way.
    In each stage there are specific types of activities existing for achieving the maximum development. As a conclusion according to john piagets : Children don’t always move from one stage to another at the same time. They will always move from one stage to the next in the same order, but you may have students in your classroom on different levels. By using these in our teaching, we can hopefully teach students in a way that will help them be the most effective learners.
    .
    BY JEFFIN

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  4. John Dewey's Theory
    - Curriculum should ultimately produce students who would be able to deal effectively with the modern world.
    - Curriculum should include child's pre conceptions and incorporate how the child views his or her own world.
    - Curriculum is a body of knowledge and education is the process by which these are transmitted or delivered to subjects by the most effective methods by efficient instructors.

    Piaget's Theory..
    - Children's thinking does not develop smoothly instead there are certain points at which it takes off and moves into completely new areas and capabilities which he describes as the Stages of Cognitive Development.

    - Children cannot undertake certain tasks until they are psychologically mature enough to do so...

    - The instructor have to adapt the role of facilitators and not teachers , who helps the learner to get to his or her own understanding of the content...

    Mary Alphonse..

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  5. The theories of John Dewey, Jean Piaget, that have certainly influenced our stance toward the nature of learning and, concomitantly, teaching.
    COMPARISON BETWEEN DEWEY’S THEORY AND PIAGET’S THEORY
    • For Dewey, knowledge emerges only from situations in which learners have to draw them out of meaningful experiences .
    • Further, these situations have to be embedded in a social context, such as a classroom, where students can take part in manipulating materials and, thus, forming a community of learners who construct their knowledge together.
    • Students cannot learn by means of rote memorisation; they can only learn by “directed living,” whereby concrete activities are combined with theory.
    IMPLICATION OF DEWEY’S THEORY
    Students must be engaged in meaningful activities that induce them to apply the concepts they are trying to learn.
    PIAGET’S THEORY
    Piaget's constructivism is premised on his view of the psychological development of children.
    Within his theory, the basis of learning is discovery: ‘To understand is to discover, or reconstruct by rediscovery, and such conditions must be complied with if in the future individuals are to be formed who are capable of production and creativity and not simply repetition’.
    According to Piaget, children go through stages in which they accept ideas they may later discard as wrong.
    Understanding, therefore, is built up step by step through active participation and involvement.
    BY:SAUMYA MERLY JOSE

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  6. piagets theory
    Piaget placed great importance on the education of children. As the Director of the International Bureau of Education, he declared in 1934 that "only education is capable of saving our societies from possible collapse, whether violent, or gradual.Piaget portrayed children as active and motivated learners who, through numerous interactions with their physical and social environments, construct an increasingly complex understanding of the world around them.four stages- the sensorimotor stage
    the preoperational stage
    the concrete operations stage
    Formal Operations Formal Operations.
    john dewey believed that education is life itself.Dewey believed that learning was active and schooling was unnecessarily long and
    restrictive
    He believed that students should be actively involved in real-life tasks and challenges.
    curriculum- should be based on students interest and should involve them in active experiences.
    active curriculum should be integrated, rather than subject matter fragments.
    teachers are responsible for achieving the goals of the school,but the specific topics to meet those goals, cannot be determined in advance because the topics should be interest of children.Dewey: interaction + reflection and experience + interest in community and democracy= a highly suggestive educative form- Informal education.humans learn best in real-life activities with people.

    how this theory have a impact on learning-
    Curriculum: Educators must plan a developmentally appropriate curriculum that enhances their student’s logical and conceptual growth.
    Instruction: Teachers must emphasize the critical role that experiences, or interactions with the surrounding environment play in student learning
    he also believed thatDewey believed that learning was active and schooling was unnecessarily long and restrictive that students should be actively involved in real-life tasks and challenges.

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  7. ACCORDING TO PIAGET

    Theme: Piaget set out to answer the question 'what is the origin of knowledge' in terms of child cognitive development with the information processing approach to psychology. He describes the gradual unfolding over time of genetic programs of development in terms of a 'cognitive-developmental theory' involving 'cognitive structures'. According to his 'constructivist model of the origin of knowledge', knowledge is not a mirror of the world (raditional paradigm) but is created or 'constructed' from the individual's continuous revision and reorganisation of cognitive structures in conjunction with experience. The mind is actively engaged in processing information from the environment as a result of the instinctive tendency to adapt effectively to it.
    ACCORDING TO JOHN DEWEY
    Dewey presented his views on education in 'My Pedagogic Creed', 'School and Society', 'The Child and Curriculum', 'Experience and Education' and 'Democracy and Education'. He believed that education in society equated with nutrition and reproduction. He strongly advocated the primary need for transmission of education through effective communication. Dewey campaigned educational reform and denounced an authoritarian approach. He believed that children or students should be able to understand actual experiences and be a part of hands-on experiential education.

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  8. John Dewey

    Considered to be the leading progressive educator of this century, John Dewey wrote on the great issues in education. In Education and Experience, written late in his career, he tries to find a synthesis of the principles of traditional education and those of progressive education. Two essential components for him are the experience of the learner and critical inquiry. Dewey wrote, "any theory and set of practices is dogmatic which is not based upon critical examination of its own underlying principles."


    John Dewey emphasized practical ideas in both his philosophical and educational theories, always striving to show how abstract concepts could work in everyday life. He emphasized hands-on learning, and opposed authoritarian methods in teaching. His ideas prompted a drastic change in United States education beginning in the 20th century.


    He also advocated education that would fulfill and enrich the current lives of students as well as prepare them for the future. Dewey's theory of education became known as functionalism in that it encouraged mental testing and stressed studies of adaptive behavior.

    Jean Piaget
    A Piagetian-inspired curricula emphasizes a child-centered educational philosophy. His work has been labeled an interactionist as well as a constructivist. His interest in cognitive development came from his training in the natural sciences and his interest in epistemology. He saw cognitive growth as an extension of biological growth and as being governed by the same laws and principles. He argued that intellectual development controlled every other aspect of development - emotional, social, and moral.

    Piaget may be best known for his four stages of cognitive development model. The four stages are:

    Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years) - The mental structures are mainly concerned with the mastery of concrete objects.
    Preoperational (2 years to 7 years) - The mastery of symbols takes place.
    Concrete (7 years to 11 years) - Children learn mastery of classes, relations, and numbers and how to reason.
    Formal Operation (abstract thinking) (11 years and up) - The last stage deals with the mastery of thought.

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  9. LIBBEY KURUVILLA

    PIAGETS THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

    - Emphasize learner centered educational philosophy.
    - active discovery learning environment in schools.
    - children need to explore,to manipulate,to experiment and to search out answers to questions for them selves
    - Teachers are facilitators of knowledge.
    - no use of computer software.
    -Laboratory,workshops and technologies that encourage interactivity are used.

    Process of development-:Assimilation,accomodation,equillibrium,disequillibrium.
    4 STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
    sensorimotor intelligence
    pre-operational thought
    concrete thought
    formal operation

    JOHN DEWEYS THEORY

    - Curriculum should be student interest based
    an should involve them in active experiences.
    - Teachers responsible for achieving goal of the school
    - Students should be actively involved in real life tasks and challenges.
    - Learning is active
    Education - human learn best in the real life activities with people

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  10. John Dewey says ‘’true education comes through the stimulation of the Childs power by the demand of social situation which he finds himself. He says active side precedes the passive in the development of the Childs nature. Student’s interest must be considered in the curriculum which involves them in active learning’’.
    Whereas John Piaget the theorist of cognitive development’’ inspired curricula emphasizes a learner centered educational philosophy. Learning is meaningful if the child is allowed to experiment rather than listning, infact he insisted in active learning. He says Childs knowledge constantly develops when he comes in contact with his environment. Teacher is only a facilitator of knowledge to guide and stimulate the students.
    sonia

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  11. JOHN DEWEY:

    Dewey's interest was society and included every issue that moves in and out of the creation of a free society.
    The major goal of education is the creation and maintenance of society. Dewey clearly realizes that young people must acquire practical skills so that they can gain occupations; but the final end to practical skills is fitting oneself into society, that is, becoming a functioning part of a community. Community is an end in the sense that individuals need community as the proper context of life and growth.

    The entire history of humanity's development of practical skills reflects the growth and development of human intelligence. Thus, there is no separation between intelligence and practice, thought and action.
    Dewey determined that the curriculum of school should never become isolated from the practical evolution of society. Students will learn all of the abstract issues of education -- values, ethics, history etc within the context of engaging in practical activities precisely because all of these are directly involved (inherent) in practice.
    Dewey conceived of each practical activity as ripe with limitless questions about materials, techniques, and purposes. We should not trivialize our answers to these connecting questions; rather, we should take advantage of them to bring out their deep contents.

    According to him:“What we want and need is education pure and simple, and we shall make surer and faster progress when we devote ourselves to finding out just what education is and what conditions have to be satisfied in order that education may be a reality and not a name or a slogan.”

    JEAN PIAGET:

    According to him:"The principle goal of education is to create men who are capable of doing new things, not simply of repeating what other generations have done - men who are creative, inventive and discoverers.”

    Jean Piaget is universally known for his studies of the development of intelligence in children.
    He thus studied the growth of children's capacity to think in abstract, logical terms, and of such categories as time, space, number, causality, and permanency, describing an invariable sequence of stages from birth through adolescence.Child's conceptions of physical causality, the development of moral judgement, the growth of intelligence, and the development of logical and mathematical concepts are depicted in his studies.

    Piaget surmised from his studies of children that human knowledge is "constructed" through interactions with reality.

    Piaget's theory described stages that children pass through in the development of intelligence and formal thought processes. The theory describes four stages; (1)the sensorimotor stage, (2)the preoperational stage, (3)the concrete operational stage, and (4) the formal operation stage..

    REGARDS...
    THECLA.SEBASTIAN ,I.MSc

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  12. these two great philosophers ie, JHON DEWEY and JEAN PAGET have greately influenced the modern curriculam development and thus greately influenced our education system... but when we study these two theoris in detail we understan that these great phliosophers tried to make the word understan that ...
    jhon dewey says
    education should not be just subject oriented...or in other words should motivate the studet to learn from his own expieriences
    he continually urges that education are social and interactive process and thus shool itself is a social institution
    he wanted the child to be capadile to live by himself and strong enough to face the world
    he emphasized on making the or utilizing the education that teaches him how to live
    many researchers have used his theory and developed the present day new learning methos like PROJECT BASED LEARNING A FORM OF EXPIREMENTAL LEARNING
    he gave teacher the role of a facilitator or a guide in leraning proces....
    JEAN PAGET
    he developed the theory based on the cognitive development of the child
    According to him he proposed that the chilren's thinking does not develop entirely soomhly; at certain point the chilrents learing 'takes off" and moves into compeltely new areas and capabilities.He saw that at the age of 18 mnts, 7 yrs, 11 or 12 yrs these transition occurs ie during these stages the change in chlds learning and cognitive fuctions change.
    here also the teacher acts as a facilitator or a giude.
    he also belives that child should be set free to learn by himself
    give the child his own time to learn
    AS a whole we can say that both the theorist puts much empasis on the chid's freedom and space,to learn. should give him ample time to learn ....in nursing education too the curriculam should focus on the growth of the individual students performance in the practical areas by creating a student friendly approch by giving them good theoritical knowlege by experienced teachers who act a excellnt facilittor's or guides..

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  13. these two great philosophers ie, JHON DEWEY and JEAN PAGET have greately influenced the modern curriculam development and thus greately influenced our education system... but when we study these two theoris in detail we understan that these great phliosophers tried to make the word understan that ...
    john dewey says
    education should not be just subject oriented...or in other words should motivate the studet to learn from his own expieriences
    he continually urges that education are social and interactive process and thus shool itself is a social institution
    he wanted the child to be capable to live by himself and strong enough to face the world
    he emphasized on making the or utilizing the education that teaches him how to live
    many researchers have used his theory and developed the present day new learning methos like PROJECT BASED LEARNING A FORM OF EXPIREMENTAL LEARNING
    he gave teacher the role of a facilitator or a guide in leraning proces....
    JEAN PAGET
    he developed the theory based on the cognitive development of the child
    According to him he proposed that the chilren's thinking does not develop entirely soomhly; at certain point the chilrents learing 'takes off" and moves into compeltely new areas and capabilities.He saw that at the age of 18 mnts, 7 yrs, 11 or 12 yrs these transition occurs ie during these stages the change in chlds learning and cognitive fuctions change.
    here also the teacher acts as a facilitator or a giude.
    he also belives that child should be set free to learn by himself
    give the child his own time to learn
    AS a whole we can say that both the theorist puts much empasis on the chid's freedom and space,to learn. should give him ample time to learn ....in nursing education too the curriculam should focus on the growth of the individual students performance in the practical areas by creating a student friendly approch by giving them good theoritical knowlege by experienced teachers who act a excellnt facilittor's or guides..

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  14. This comment has been removed by the author.

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  15. JOHN DEWEY:
    Dewey is lauded as the greatest educational thinker of the 20th century. His theory of experience continues to be much read and discussed not only within education, but also in psychology and philosophy. Dewey's views continue to strongly influence the design of innovative educational approaches, such as in outdoor education, adult training, and experiential therapies.
    Dewey said that an educator must take into account the unique differences between each student.
    Dewey proposed that education be designed on the basis of a theory of experience. We must understand the nature of how humans have the experiences they do, in order to design effective education.
    JEAN PIAGET:
    Piaget's theory of cognitive development is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence first developed by Jean Piaget.
    Through studying the field of education Piaget focused on accommodation and assimilation. Assimilation, one of two processes coined by Jean Piaget, describes how humans perceive and adapt to new information. It is the process of taking one’s environment and new information and fitting it into pre-existing cognitive schemas. Assimilation occurs when humans are faced with new or unfamiliar information and refer to previously learned information in order to make sense of it. Accommodation, unlike assimilation is the process of taking one's environment and new information, and altering one's pre-existing schemas in order to fit in the new information.

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  16. PIAGET THEORY
    -Comprehensive theory about nature and development of human intelligence
    - it deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans come gradually to acquire it, construct it and use it
    -he believe that reality is a dynamic system of continuous change

    views of piaget
    *depending on the ability of children provide opportunity to develop learning
    *provide an environment which helps to move in stages of cognitive development

    PIAGET'S 4 DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
    *SENSORYMOTOR STAGE(BIRTH-2YR)
    *PREOPERATIONAL STAGE(2-7YR)
    *CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE(7-11YR)
    *FORMAL OPERATION STAGE(11-15)

    HOW THEORY IMPACTS LEARNING
    -CURRICULUM; teacher must plan a curriculum which is developmentally appropriate, that enhances students logical and conceptual growth....

    DEWEYS THEORY
    -Dewey philosopher, psychologist,education reformer
    -developer of philosophy of pragmatism
    -founder of functional psychology

    views of Dewey
    *education and learning are social and interactive process
    *purpose of education should not be revolve around the acquisition of pre determined set of skills but rather the realisation of one's full potential and use of his capacities to use those skills
    *he notes that"child and curriculum are simply 2 limits which define a single limit.......

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  17. PIAGET described the mechanism by which the mind processes new information. He said that a person understands whatever information fits into his established view of the world. When information does not fit, the person must reexamine and adjust his thinking to accommodate the new information. Piaget described four stages of cognitive development and relates them to a person's ability to understand and assimilate new information.
    1. Sensory motor
    2. Preoperational
    3. Concrete
    4. Formal operation

    His view of how children's minds work and develop has been enormously influential, particularly in educational theory. His particular insight was the role of maturation (simply growing up) in children's increasing capacity to understand their world: they cannot undertake certain tasks until they are psychologically mature enough to do so
    He proposed that children's thinking does not develop entirely smoothly: instead, there are certain points at which it "takes off" and moves into completely new areas and capabilities
    DEWEY"S says
    1. Curriculum as a syllabus to be transmitted
    2. Curriculum as a product
    3. Curriculum as the boundary between formal and informal education

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  18. SR SHOLY ROSE PARUVANANI
    JOHN DEWEY
    Dewey makes a strong case for the importance of education not only as a place to gain content knowledge, but also as a place to learn how to live.This learning is rooted in the community. The individual and society cannot be considered in isolation one from the other.The four instincts according to Dewey are social, constructive, expressive, and artistic.
    PIAGET;
    His experiments and theories about how children build up their knowledge of the world have faced endless challenges, many of them justified.His view of how children's minds work and develop has been enormously influential, particularly in educational theory. His particular insight was the role of maturation (simply growing up) in children's increasing capacity to understand their world.

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  19. PIAGET described the mechanism by which the mind processes new information. He said that a person understands whatever information fits into his established view of the world. When information does not fit, the person must reexamine and adjust his thinking to accommodate the new information. Piaget described four stages of cognitive development and relates them to a person's ability to understand and assimilate new information.
    1. Sensory motor
    2. Preoperational
    3. Concrete
    4. Formal operation
    About John Dewey
    Dewey’s philosophy of education, instrumentalism focused on learning by doing rather than rote learning and dogmatic instruction, the current practice of this day.

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  20. Sr.Mercy said…
    About John Dewey
    Dewey’s philosophy of education, instrumentalism focused on learning by doing rather than rote learning and dogmatic instruction, the current practice of this day.
    About Jean PIAGET……
    According to development theory of piaget, knowledge is not a mirror of world but is created or constructed from the individuals continuous revision and reorganization of cognitive structures in conjunction with experience. The mind is actively engaged in processing information from environment as a result of the instinctive tendency to adapt effectively to it.

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  21. John Dewey
    John Dewey believed that learning was active .
    Dewey believed that students should be involved in real-life tasks and challenges.
    Students learn through experience and interaction with surroundings.
    Dewey's pragmatist philosophy stresses the priority of experience over theory
    Delopmentally appropriate curriculum that enhances the student’s logical and conceptual growth.
    Jean Piaget
    Knowledge is not merely transmitted verbally but must be constructed and reconstructed by the learner. Piaget asserted that for a child to know and construct knowledge of the world, the child must act on objects and it is this action which provides knowledge of those objects . The learner must be active.
    Intellectual growth involves three fundamental processes: assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration.
    Assimilation involves the incorporation of new events into preexisting cognitive structures.
    Accommodation means existing structures change to accommodate to the new information.
    Equilibration involves the person striking a balance between himself and the environment, between assimilation and accomodation

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  22. SR SINDHU JOSEPH SAID;
    JOHN DEWEY
    Dewey’s theories blended attention to the child as an individual with rights and claims of his own with a recognition of the gulf between an outdated and class-distorted educational setup inherited from the past and the urgent requirements of the new era.
    The child took part in household, community and productive activities which spontaneously fostered capacities for self-direction, discipline, leadership and independent judgment.
    Jean Piaget
    Piaget's theory of cognitive development is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence first developed by Jean Piaget. It is primarily known as a developmental stage theory, but in fact, it deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans come gradually to acquire it, construct it, and use it. Moreover, Piaget claims the idea that cognitive development is at the centre of human organism and language is contingent on cognitive development. Below, there is first a short description of Piaget's views about the nature of intelligence and then a description of the stages through which it develops until maturity.

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  23. JOHN DEWEY
    John Dewey, the father of educational philosophy quoted that “education is not preparation for life; education is life itself”
    During his time, education for children was –teacher centered, learning from text and teacher lecture; and students were expected to repeat information either orally or in written form.
    John Dewey's theory emphasizes the experiential aspects of learning. In his theory, learning results from our reflections on our experiences, as we strive to make sense of them, We can directly sense smells, tastes, and the like, and have visceral reactions.
    Dewey believed that
    • learning and inquiry can't be scheduled--ample and unstructured time is needed for learners to follow their own questions and investigations
    • curriculum should be based on student interest and should involve their active experience
    • students should be actively involved in real life tasks and challenges

    JEAN PIAGET
    Piaget's theory describes the cognitive development of children. In Piaget's view, early cognitive development involves processes based upon actions and later progresses into changes in mental operations.
    His view of how children's minds work and develop has been enormously influential, particularly in educational theory. His particular insight was the role of maturation (simply growing up) in children's increasing capacity to understand their world: they cannot undertake certain tasks until they are psychologically mature enough to do so.
    He proposed that children's thinking does not develop entirel smoothly. He saw these transitions as taking place at about 18 months, 7 years and 11 or 12 years. This has been taken to mean that before these ages children are not capable (no matter how bright) of understanding things in certain ways, and has been used as the basis for scheduling the school curriculum.
    DEWEY VS PIAGET
    Dewey believed that education is based on the idea that humans learn best from real life activities with people and the surrounding society. He propagated informal education
    Piaget’s theories focused attention on the idea of developmentally appropriate education—an education with environments, curriculum, materials, and instruction that are suitable for students in terms of their physical and cognitive abilities and their social and emotional needs. He propagated formal education

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  24. Dewey
    Children compose one of the weakest , most dependent and defenseless sections of the population.Each generation of children is not only helped but hindered and hurt by the elders who exercise direct control over them.
    Piaget
    Comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence . it deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans come gradually to acquire it and use it.

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  25. JEAN PIAGET developed the theory of cognitive development about nature and development of human intelligence.
    He says reality involves transformations and states .
    Operative intelligence is the active aspect and refers to the transformations
    Figurative transformations refers to the states.
    The process of understanding involves assimilation and accomodation .
    Development of intelligence leads to increasing expansion of field of application ,increasing co-ordination between them.

    DEWEY THEORY
    He believed democracy depends on education development of its people and democratic society should contribute to growth and development of its citizens.
    Dewey's philosophy of education, curriculum development depends on the knowledge of teacher about their students prior experience and design new learning experience that grow out of it .
    Defect in traditional education is the absence of active co-operation of pupil in construction of purposes involved in his studying.
    It is the ultimate social experiment - individuals have opportunity of challenging values and aims, working collaboratively towards uncertain results, and discuss new approaches when results are in.

    Miss. BINSI THOMAS
    1ST YEAR, M.Sc NURSING

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  26. according to dewey,
    the child is the center or the starting point.child development starts not only in the environment but also as a part of environment . it is not the knowledge but self realization is the goal.
    piaget, investigate growth of intelligence from infancy as basic understanding of child.it deals with nature of knowledge itself and how human acquire and use it.
    equilibrium is an active process of self regulation which is the fundamental factor in development. 4 main stages of equilibrium include- sensorimotor, preoperational,concrete operational, formal operational.

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